Traveling wave tube (TWT) works in a very harsh environment, and has high requirements for structural reliability. The high temperature produced in the working process can easily lead to the deformation of each component, at the same time bear the effect of various mechanical shocks and vibration stresses, and the stress and deformation caused by the vibration at high temperature are worse, thus affecting the performance index and working life of the traveling wave tube, and the vibration analysis can be carried out on the basis of the thermal characteristic analysis. The real vibration characteristics under working conditions are obtained, which provides technical support for the structural optimization design of products and the reliability of products. In this paper, the research methods and research conditions of the thermal and dynamic characteristics of the traveling wave tube structure are investigated and analyzed by domestic and foreign scholars and scientific research institutions, and the further research emphasis of the research on the reliability of the TWT is put forward in combination with the research results of the five electron.

As the only microwave electric vacuum device which can increase power output in the range of frequency doubling range, the traveling wave tube has good characteristics such as large power, wide band, high efficiency and various modes of work. It has a good application prospect in radar, communication, precision guidance and other fields. In recent years, with the development of radar, communication and electronic countermeasures systems, the power, frequency band and bandwidth characteristics of the traveling wave tube are becoming more and more demanding. One of the important factors affecting the performance of the TWT is the heat conduction of the TWT. Therefore, the thermal analysis of the row wave tube is needed, according to the temperature distribution. Results the improvement measures were put forward to optimize the design parameters and material properties and ensure the traveling wave tube works in a reasonable temperature range. In order to reduce the influence of the thermal deformation of the relevant components on the electrical performance parameters, a thermo mechanical coupling analysis is needed. In addition, the traveling wave tube must bear various mechanical impact and vibration stress in the process of use, so the traveling wave tube must carry on the vibration analysis to meet the stress assessment of various mechanical environment and ensure the normal work under the prescribed stress environment. In the design phase of the TWT, the thermal analysis of the traveling wave tube is simulated to simulate the thermal characteristics of the traveling wave tube, and the temperature distribution is obtained to evaluate the reliability of the TWT, that is to say, the necessary thermal design is carried out on the premise of guaranteeing the electric performance of the traveling wave tube, which can make the traveling wave tube have better thermal characteristics and heat dissipation performance and improve the traveling wave tube. Reliability and stability. The structure of the traveling wave tube is very complex. It is difficult to solve the temperature distribution and thermal deformation with the traditional thermal analysis method. The data processing ability of the early computer is limited and the finite element method is not perfect. Therefore, the simulation thermal analysis work is less developed.

In recent years, the thermal reliability evaluation and optimization design of the TWT are mainly embodied in several aspects, such as material, structure and contact thermal resistance to improve the thermal characteristics. The improvement of the material and structure of the key components of the electronic gun (hot screen tube and supporting barrel) can obviously improve the heating efficiency and the fast heat performance. For example, the temperature distribution of the cathode components of the hot screen tube of different materials (tantalum, molybdenum rhenium alloy and molybdenum) is obtained, such as the improvement of the material and thickness of the hot panel, and the cathode bottom and the molybdenum cylinder are emphatically investigated. The curve of temperature varies with thickness as shown in Figure 1. According to figure 1, it is obvious that the thermal shielding tube with tantalum material is most obvious in the material. At this time, the temperature of the cathode is high, the temperature of the tube is low, the temperature difference is the greatest, the heat loss is the least, and the energy utilization is high.